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Nephrotic Syndrome: What It Is, Causes, and Symptoms

What is Nephrotic Syndrome?

Nephrotic syndrome is a health problem that affects your kidneys. In this condition, your kidneys leak too much protein into your urine. Normally, kidneys filter waste and keep important proteins in your blood. However, with nephrotic syndrome, this filter does not work well. As a result, your body loses protein, which can lead to swelling and other issues. Because kidneys play a key role in keeping your body balanced, nephrotic syndrome can impact your overall health. According to the National Kidney Foundation, this condition can happen to both children and adults.

Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome

There are several causes of nephrotic syndrome. Sometimes, it starts with a problem in the kidneys themselves. Other times, it is linked to diseases that affect the whole body. Below are some common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults and children:

  • Minimal Change Disease: This is the most common cause in children. The kidney looks normal under a regular microscope, but it does not work right.
  • Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): This cause is more common in adults. It means some parts of the kidney filter are scarred.
  • Membranous Nephropathy: This is another cause in adults. The kidney filter becomes thick and leaky.
  • Diabetes: High blood sugar can damage the kidneys over time, leading to nephrotic syndrome.
  • Lupus: This immune system disease can harm the kidneys and cause protein loss.
  • Infections: Some infections, like hepatitis or HIV, can trigger nephrotic syndrome.
  • Medications: Certain drugs, such as painkillers or antibiotics, may damage the kidneys.

    • Because there are many causes, it is important to find out what is behind the problem. This helps doctors choose the best treatment for kidney health.

    Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome

    Nephrotic syndrome symptoms can be easy to notice. However, some signs may be mild at first. Here are the main symptoms:

  • Swelling (Edema): You may see puffiness around your eyes, feet, or ankles. This happens because your body holds on to extra fluid.
  • Foamy Urine: Your urine may look bubbly or frothy. This is due to high protein levels.
  • Weight Gain: Sudden weight gain can occur from fluid buildup, not extra fat.
  • Tiredness: You might feel weak or tired because your body loses important proteins.
  • Loss of Appetite: Some people do not feel like eating as much as usual.
  • High Cholesterol: Blood tests may show high cholesterol, which is common with nephrotic syndrome.

    • These symptoms can make daily life harder. For example, swelling may make it tough to wear shoes or walk. Feeling tired can affect work or school. Because these signs can also happen with other health problems, it is important to talk to a doctor if you notice them.

    Nephrotic syndrome is a serious kidney condition. Early care can help protect your kidney health and improve your quality of life. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on nephrotic syndrome.