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Kidney Stones: How to Recognize the Signs and Prevent Future Recurrence

What Are Kidney Stones?

Kidney stones are hard lumps that form inside your kidneys. They develop when minerals and salts stick together in your urine. Because they can block the flow of urine, kidney stones may cause pain and other problems. Anyone can get kidney stones, but some people are at higher risk. According to the CDC, kidney stones affect about 1 in 11 people in the United States.

Symptoms of Kidney Stones

Many people do not notice kidney stones until they move in the urinary tract. When this happens, symptoms can appear quickly. For example, you may feel pain or notice changes when you urinate. Common kidney stone symptoms include:

  • Severe pain in the back, side, or lower belly
  • Pain that comes and goes in waves
  • Pain while urinating
  • Blood in the urine (pink, red, or brown color)
  • Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
  • Feeling the need to urinate often
  • Urinating only small amounts at a time
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Fever and chills (if there is an infection)

    • However, some small stones may not cause any symptoms at all.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Kidney stones form when your urine contains more minerals than your body can dissolve. Over time, these minerals stick together and form stones. Several factors can increase your risk. For instance, not drinking enough water can make stones more likely. Other risk factors include:

  • Family history of kidney stones
  • Eating a diet high in salt, sugar, or protein
  • Obesity or being overweight
  • Digestive diseases or surgery
  • Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes
  • Taking some medicines, like diuretics or calcium-based antacids

    • Because everyone is different, your risk may depend on your health and lifestyle.

    Diagnosis of Kidney Stones

    If your doctor thinks you have kidney stones, they will ask about your symptoms. Next, they may order tests to confirm the diagnosis. These tests help find the size, type, and location of the stone. Common kidney stone diagnosis methods include:

  • Urine tests to check for blood or minerals
  • Blood tests to look for high levels of certain chemicals
  • Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scan
  • Analysis of passed stones to find their type

    • Early diagnosis can help prevent complications and guide the best treatment.

    Treatment Options

    Treatment for kidney stones depends on their size, type, and symptoms. Some small stones may pass on their own with extra fluids. However, larger stones may need medical help. Common kidney stone treatment options include:

  • Drinking plenty of water to help flush out the stone
  • Pain relievers to manage discomfort
  • Medicines to relax the urinary tract and help pass the stone
  • Shock wave therapy (lithotripsy) to break up stones
  • Ureteroscopy, where a thin tube removes or breaks up the stone
  • Surgery, in rare cases, for very large stones

    • Because each case is unique, your doctor will suggest the best treatment for you. If you need kidney stone treatment in your area, look for a trusted healthcare provider.

    Prevention Tips

    While not all kidney stones can be prevented, you can lower your risk. Simple changes in your daily habits can help. Here are some tips on how to prevent kidney stones:

  • Drink plenty of water throughout the day
  • Limit salt, sugar, and animal protein in your diet
  • Eat more fruits and vegetables
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Follow your doctor’s advice if you have a medical condition
  • Take medicines as prescribed if you are at high risk

    • Because prevention is easier than treatment, start healthy habits early.

    When to See a Doctor

    Sometimes, kidney stones can cause serious problems. You should see a doctor if you have:

  • Severe pain that does not go away
  • Pain with fever and chills
  • Blood in your urine
  • Trouble passing urine
  • Nausea or vomiting that will not stop

    • Early medical care can prevent complications and help you feel better sooner.

    In summary, kidney stones can be painful but are treatable. With the right steps, you can lower your risk and manage symptoms. Consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice on kidney stones.